Ordinal Numbers and Dates in Czech
Řadové Číslovky a Datum
This article is part of the Czech grammar tree on Settemila Lingue.
Overview
Ordinal numbers in Czech function as adjectives and must decline for gender, number, and case. At the CEFR B1 level, ordinal numbers are essential for dates, addresses, floor numbers, historical centuries, and telling time.
Czech ordinals are formed by adding adjectival endings to the cardinal number stem. The first few are irregular (první, druhý, třetí), while higher numbers follow predictable patterns. Since they are adjectives, they must agree with the noun they modify in all categories — just like any other Czech adjective.
Date expressions in Czech use a specific pattern with ordinals in the genitive case, which differs significantly from English date formatting.
How It Works
Basic Ordinal Numbers
| Cardinal | Ordinal (m.) | Ordinal (f.) | Ordinal (n.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | první | první | první |
| 2 | druhý | druhá | druhé |
| 3 | třetí | třetí | třetí |
| 4 | čtvrtý | čtvrtá | čtvrté |
| 5 | pátý | pátá | páté |
| 6 | šestý | šestá | šesté |
| 7 | sedmý | sedmá | sedmé |
| 8 | osmý | osmá | osmé |
| 9 | devátý | devátá | deváté |
| 10 | desátý | desátá | desáté |
První and třetí follow soft adjective declension; the rest follow hard adjective declension.
Date Format
Czech dates use the ordinal in genitive: ordinal-genitive + month-genitive + year
- 1. března 2024 = prvního března dva tisíce dvacet čtyři
- Dnes je prvního března. (Today is March 1st.)
Time Expressions
- ve tři hodiny (at three o'clock) — but po třetí hodině (after three o'clock, using ordinal)
- v devatenáctém století (in the nineteenth century)
Higher Ordinal Numbers
| Number | Ordinal (masc.) | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | jedenáctý | cardinal + -tý |
| 20 | dvacátý | stem + -tý |
| 21 | dvacátý první | last element ordinal |
| 30 | třicátý | stem + -tý |
| 100 | stý | irregular |
| 1000 | tisící | soft adjective |
For compound numbers, only the last element is ordinal: dvacátý třetí (23rd), sto padesátý sedmý (157th).
Date Format in Detail
Czech dates follow a specific pattern: ordinal day (genitive) + month name (genitive) + year
| Written | Spoken | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 3. 2024 | prvního března dva tisíce dvacet čtyři | March 1, 2024 |
| 15. 8. | patnáctého srpna | August 15 |
| 24. 12. | dvacátého čtvrtého prosince | December 24 |
Note that the ordinal is in genitive case (answering kolikátého? — on what date?), which is unique to Czech date expressions. Month names are also in genitive.
Ordinal Abbreviations
Czech abbreviates ordinals with a period: 1. = první, 2. = druhý, 3. = třetí. This period is required and distinguishes ordinals from cardinals. In addresses: Ruská 15 (street number — cardinal), but 3. patro (3rd floor — ordinal).
Examples in Context
| Czech | English | Note |
|---|---|---|
| první, druhý, třetí | first, second, third | basic ordinals |
| Dnes je prvního března. | Today is March 1st. | genitive for dates |
| v devatenáctém století | in the 19th century | locative |
| po třetí hodině | after three o'clock | locative |
| na pátém patře | on the fifth floor | locative |
| Je to druhá ulice vlevo. | It's the second street on the left. | nominative, fem. |
| třetí pokus | third attempt | nominative, masc. |
| poprvé v životě | for the first time in life | adverbial form |
| Bydlím v prvním patře. | I live on the first floor. | locative |
| dvacátého května | on May 20th | genitive for date |
Common Mistakes
Forgetting to decline ordinals
- Wrong: na první patře (nominative in locative context)
- Right: na prvním patře
- Why: Ordinals are adjectives and must decline with the noun.
Wrong date format
- Wrong: Dnes je první březen.
- Right: Dnes je prvního března.
- Why: Czech dates use the genitive case for both the ordinal and the month name.
Confusing první/třetí declension
- Wrong: prvého (hard declension applied)
- Right: prvního (soft declension)
- Why: První and třetí follow soft adjective patterns, unlike most other ordinals.
Usage Notes
Czech ordinals beyond 10 are straightforward: jedenáctý (11th), dvacátý (20th), stý (100th). Compound numbers take the ordinal only on the last element: dvacátý třetí (23rd). Ordinals are commonly abbreviated with a period: 1. = první, 3. = třetí.
Practice Tips
- Practice saying dates for important events in your life using the Czech genitive pattern.
- Write your address with floor number using the correct ordinal and case.
- Quiz yourself on the first ten ordinals in all three genders.
Related Concepts
- Prerequisite: Numbers and Time — builds the foundation for ordinal numbers and dates
Prerequisite
Numbers and Time in CzechA1More B1 concepts
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