Grammar Across Languages

Explore 418 grammar concepts shared across multiple languages.

General (152)

Indirect Speech

32 languages

Question Formation

27 languages

Reported Speech

26 languages

Demonstratives

23 languages

Impersonal Constructions

20 languages

Nominalization

13 languages

Rhetorical Devices

15 languages

Temporal Connectors

16 languages

Comparatives and Superlatives

21 languages

Idiomatic Expressions

21 languages

Question Words

14 languages

Causative Constructions

16 languages

Basic Expressions

19 languages

Basic Questions

12 languages

Discourse Connectors

14 languages

Infinitive Constructions

11 languages

Dialectal Variation

9 languages

Future Perfect

8 languages

There Is / There Are

13 languages

Writing System / Alphabet

6 languages

Existential Constructions

12 languages

Participles

7 languages

Word Formation

14 languages

Possession

5 languages

Greetings and Basic Expressions

11 languages

6 languages

5 languages

15 languages

5 languages

11 languages

14 languages

Archaisms and Neologisms

4 languages

Likes and Dislikes

6 languages

Expressing Likes and Preferences

7 languages

Indirect Questions

8 languages

Rhetorical Structures

8 languages

Past Perfect (Υπερσυντέλικος)

11 languages

Marked Syntax and Rhetorical Structures

4 languages

Discourse Markers

11 languages

Quantity & Selection Questions

4 languages

Irregular Past Participles

5 languages

Simple Future

4 languages

Basic Postpositions

4 languages

Greetings and Polite Expressions

4 languages

Animals

4 languages

Greetings and Expressions

19 languages

Daily Routine

3 languages

Location and Directions

3 languages

Greetings and Phrases

6 languages

Basic Declension Patterns

3 languages

Soft Declension Patterns

3 languages

Numeral Categories

3 languages

Prefix Meaning Distinctions

3 languages

Expressive Word Formation

3 languages

Consonant Alternations

3 languages

På vs I (Location)

3 languages

Double Determination

3 languages

Expressing Need and Want

3 languages

Genitive with -s

3 languages

Temporal Expressions

4 languages

Quantity and Partitives

3 languages

Expressing Likes (μου αρέσει)

3 languages

Existence (υπάρχει/υπάρχουν)

4 languages

3 languages

12 languages

10 languages

9 languages

4 languages

Word Formation and Derivation

3 languages

Discourse Markers and Connectors

4 languages

Location and Direction Words

3 languages

Alphabet and Pronunciation

3 languages

Daily Activities

4 languages

Giving and Receiving

4 languages

Basic Commands and Requests

4 languages

Likes, Wants, and Needs

3 languages

Knowing and Understanding

3 languages

Pronunciation Rules

3 languages

Exclamations and Emphasis

3 languages

Result and Consequence

4 languages

Narrating Events

3 languages

Wishes and Hopes

3 languages

Defining and Explaining

3 languages

Correlative Constructions

3 languages

Advanced Causative Constructions

3 languages

Advanced Reported Speech

3 languages

Regional Dialects

9 languages

Resultative Complements

3 languages

Honorific / Politeness System

3 languages

Describing People and Appearance

2 languages

Expressing Opinions and Preferences

2 languages

Discourse Pragmatics

5 languages

Sociolinguistic Awareness

2 languages

Expressing Opinions

5 languages

Dialect Variation

3 languages

Yes/No Questions

3 languages

Simple Past (Αόριστος)

2 languages

Advanced Idiomatic Expressions

2 languages

Present Continuous

7 languages

Advanced Idioms

2 languages

Estar (to be) - Present

2 languages

Ser vs Estar - Basics

2 languages

Ir (to go)

2 languages

Poder (can/to be able)

2 languages

Querer (to want)

2 languages

Irregular Preterites

2 languages

Present Progressive

3 languages

Preterite vs Imperfect

2 languages

Ser vs Estar - Advanced

3 languages

Emphatic Structures

3 languages

Diminutives & Augmentatives

3 languages

Places and Directions

2 languages

Describing People

4 languages

Common Idiomatic Constructions

2 languages

Question Words and Patterns

2 languages

Past Perfect (Pluperfect)

2 languages

2 languages

3 languages

2 languages

2 languages

3 languages

10 languages

Places and Location Words

2 languages

Word Formation and Compounding

2 languages

Advanced Word Formation

2 languages

Ability (सकना)

2 languages

Wanting (चाहना)

2 languages

Dialects and Regional Variation

4 languages

वाला Construction

2 languages

Dialectal Features

3 languages

Written Discourse Connectors

2 languages

Topicalization and Focus

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

Advanced Nominalization

2 languages

Simple Past (Preteritum)

2 languages

Tones

2 languages

Advanced Classifiers

2 languages

Vowel System

2 languages

Question Words and Formation

2 languages

Possessive Constructions

3 languages

Focus and Cleft Constructions

4 languages

Complex Aspect Combinations

2 languages

Money and Shopping

3 languages

Directional Complements

2 languages

Potential Complements (得/唔)

2 languages

Topic-Comment Structure

3 languages

Verbs (53)

19 languages

29 languages

22 languages

12 languages

Common Irregular Verbs

10 languages

To Have (Verb)

16 languages

Can / Ability (Modal Verb)

10 languages

Verbal Prefixes

8 languages

Common Verbs

25 languages

Want / Desire (Modal Verb)

8 languages

To Like / Enjoy

12 languages

Regular Verbs (Present Tense)

7 languages

Verbs of Motion

7 languages

Modal Verbs in Past

10 languages

Must / Obligation (Modal Verb)

5 languages

Gerund / Progressive Form

6 languages

Causative Construction

6 languages

Reflexive Verbs in Past

4 languages

Serial Verb Constructions

5 languages

To Do / To Make (Verb)

6 languages

Regular Verb Conjugation (1st group)

4 languages

Regular Verb Conjugation (2nd group)

4 languages

Regular Verb Conjugation (3rd group)

4 languages

Verbal Aspect

5 languages

Compound Verb Forms

3 languages

Verb-Preposition Collocations

3 languages

Modal Verbs in Past Tense

3 languages

3 languages

4 languages

4 languages

6 languages

3 languages

3 languages

Reflexive and Reciprocal

4 languages

To Go (Verb)

7 languages

Stem-Changing / Irregular Verb Patterns

3 languages

Verbal Periphrases

2 languages

Phrasal Verbs (Particle Verbs)

5 languages

Regular Verbs (Present)

3 languages

Deponent Verbs

2 languages

Regular -AR Verbs

3 languages

Idiomatic Expressions and Proverbs

4 languages

Causative Verbs

3 languages

Irregular Verbs

14 languages

Verbal Nouns

9 languages

Stative Verbs (Adjectives)

3 languages

Common Action Verbs

2 languages

Participles and Verbal Adjectives

2 languages

Modal Nuances

2 languages

S-Verbs (Reciprocal)

3 languages

มี (to have/there is)

2 languages

Directional Verbs

3 languages

To Know (saber vs conocer)

2 languages

Pronouns (18)

Personal Pronouns

36 languages

Demonstrative Pronouns

27 languages

11 languages

19 languages

12 languages

9 languages

Indirect Object Pronouns

6 languages

Relative Pronouns

10 languages

Direct Object Pronouns

5 languages

Pronoun Reference (Den/Det/De)

3 languages

Double Object Pronouns

3 languages

Combined Object Pronouns

4 languages

Relative Pronouns (Basic)

3 languages

Relative Pronouns (Advanced)

3 languages

Reflexive Pronouns

4 languages

Stressed Pronouns

2 languages

Partitive Pronoun (of it/some)

2 languages

Locative Pronoun (there/to it)

2 languages

Mood (16)

26 languages

28 languages

18 languages

5 languages

Imperfect Subjunctive

5 languages

Pluperfect Subjunctive

4 languages

Imperative / Commands

6 languages

Subjunctive Triggers

3 languages

Commands and Imperatives

2 languages

Subjunctive (Konjunktiv)

2 languages

2 languages

2 languages

3 languages

5 languages

2 languages

2 languages

Clauses (16)

35 languages

10 languages

11 languages

13 languages

Purpose and Result Clauses

5 languages

Basic Relative Clauses

3 languages

Advanced Relative Clauses

4 languages

Concessive and Contrastive Clauses

3 languages

Types of Subordinate Clauses

3 languages

Relative Clauses with که

3 languages

Complex Clause Structures

3 languages

Purpose and Reason Clauses

2 languages

Participle Clauses

3 languages

Concessive and Adversative Clauses

2 languages

Purpose Clauses

18 languages

Purpose Clauses with Щоб

2 languages

Tenses (16)

Future Tense

31 languages

Sequence of Tenses

12 languages

Past Tense

26 languages

Past Tense (Basic/Perfect)

10 languages

Imperfect Tense (Παρατατικός)

7 languages

Compound Tenses

6 languages

Perfect Tense (Παρακείμενος)

4 languages

Irregular Present Tense Patterns

3 languages

Present Tense

19 languages

Simple Past Tense

4 languages

Present Continuous Tense

3 languages

Near Future / Going to

4 languages

Simple Present Tense

2 languages

Present Perfect Tense

2 languages

Tense and Aspect Markers

2 languages

Past vs Imperfect Distinction

2 languages

Vocabulary Domains (15)

13 languages

18 languages

10 languages

7 languages

8 languages

3 languages

3 languages

2 languages

3 languages

2 languages

5 languages

Transport and Directions

2 languages

Family Members

3 languages

Transportation

2 languages

Weather and Seasons

2 languages

Articles (14)

Indefinite Articles

10 languages

Definite Articles

12 languages

Definite Form (Suffixed Article)

3 languages

3 languages

3 languages

2 languages

8 languages

2 languages

2 languages

Directional Particles

2 languages

Location Particles で/に/へ

2 languages

Possessive Particle の

2 languages

Advanced Particles

4 languages

Modal Particles

3 languages

Adjectives (13)

Adjective Agreement

22 languages

Comparison of Adjectives

13 languages

Basic Adjectives

10 languages

Possessive Adjectives

7 languages

8 languages

6 languages

6 languages

4 languages

Demonstrative Adjectives

6 languages

Adjective Agreement / Declension

3 languages

Comparative Forms

3 languages

Past Participle as Adjective

4 languages

Basic Adjective Agreement

2 languages

Conditionals (12)

Conditional Sentences

37 languages

Complex Conditionals

5 languages

Advanced Conditional Patterns

4 languages

Basic Conditional Sentences

3 languages

Past Conditional Sentences

3 languages

Conditional Sentences (Types 2 & 3)

3 languages

Real Conditional Sentences

2 languages

Conditional Sentences (Si clauses)

4 languages

Counterfactual Conditionals

2 languages

Present Conditional

2 languages

Past Conditional

7 languages

Conditional -(으)면

2 languages

Adverbs (12)

Basic Adverbs

21 languages

Adverbs of Manner

9 languages

Place Adverbs

12 languages

Frequency & Time Adverbs

10 languages

Adverb Comparison

3 languages

Adverb Formation and Placement

4 languages

Sentence Adverbials

3 languages

Adverb Placement

6 languages

Place Adverbs (Her/Der/Hjem)

2 languages

Time Adverbs

9 languages

Adverbs in -mente

3 languages

Intensifiers and Adverbs

3 languages

Voice (9)

Passive Voice

31 languages

S-Passive

3 languages

Advanced Passive Constructions

3 languages

Være-Passive (Stative)

2 languages

Passive Alternatives

2 languages

Passive and Stative Constructions

2 languages

Passive-like Constructions

2 languages

Causative Voice

2 languages

Bli-Passive

2 languages

Prepositions (9)

Basic Prepositions

24 languages

Prepositions of Place

9 languages

Prepositions of Time

6 languages

Complex Prepositions

4 languages

Advanced Prepositional Usage

3 languages

Advanced Prepositions

3 languages

Articulated / Contracted Prepositions

5 languages

Simple Prepositions

2 languages

Compound Prepositions

2 languages

Cases (9)

Genitive Case

11 languages

Dative Case

9 languages

Case System Introduction

6 languages

Nominative and Accusative Cases

5 languages

5 languages

5 languages

3 languages

2 languages

3 languages

Conjunctions (8)

Basic Conjunctions

28 languages

Conjunctions and Connectors

8 languages

Advanced Conjunctions

6 languages

Subordinating Conjunctions

6 languages

Temporal Conjunctions

3 languages

Conjunctions

3 languages

Coordinating Conjunctions

10 languages

Complex Conjunctions

3 languages

Numbers & Time (7)

26 languages

31 languages

23 languages

23 languages

12 languages

12 languages

13 languages

Sentences (7)

Complex Sentence Structures

26 languages

Basic Sentence Structure

6 languages

Complex Sentences

3 languages

Nominal Sentences

3 languages

Cleft Sentences

3 languages

Basic Sentence Structure (VSO)

2 languages

Existential and Locational Sentences

2 languages

Nouns (6)

Plural Formation

22 languages

Noun Gender

21 languages

Grammatical Gender / Articles

5 languages

Classifiers / Measure Words

5 languages

Noun Clauses

3 languages

Common Nouns and Objects

2 languages

Word Order (3)

Word Order (Main Clause)

4 languages

Word Order

14 languages

Emphatic Word Order

4 languages

Negation (2)

Negation

35 languages

Negation and Questions

3 languages

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General (152)

Verbs (53)

Register & Style (21)

Pronouns (18)

Mood (16)

Clauses (16)

Tenses (16)

Vocabulary Domains (15)

Articles (14)

Adjectives (13)

Conditionals (12)

Adverbs (12)

Voice (9)

Prepositions (9)

Cases (9)

Conjunctions (8)

Numbers & Time (7)

Sentences (7)

Nouns (6)

Word Order (3)

Negation (2)